Table of Contents

1.0 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND PRESENTATIONS

1.1 Abnormal Vital Sign Physiology

• 1.1.1 Hypothermia
  
• 1.1.2 Fever
  
• 1.1.3 Bradycardia
  
• 1.1.4 Tachycardia
  
• 1.1.5 Apnea
  
• 1.1.6 Tachypnea
  
• 1.1.7 Hypoxia
  
• 1.1.8 Hypotension
  
• 1.1.9 Hypertension
  

1.2 Pain

• 1.2.1 Pain (unspecified)
  
• 1.2.2 Headache (See 12.3)
  
• 1.2.3 Eye pain
  
• 1.2.4 Chest pain
  
• 1.2.5 Abdominal pain
  
• 1.2.6 Pelvic pain
  
• 1.2.7 Back pain
  

1.3 General

• 1.3.1 Altered mental status
  
• 1.3.2 Anuria
  
• 1.3.3 Anxiety
  
• 1.3.4 Ascites
  
• 1.3.5 Ataxia
  
• 1.3.6 Auditory disturbances
  
• 1.3.7 Bleeding
  
• 1.3.8 Congestion/Rhinorrhea
  
• 1.3.9 Constipation
  
• 1.3.10 Cough
  
• 1.3.11 Crying/Fussiness
  
• 1.3.12 Cyanosis
  
• 1.3.13 Dehydration
  
• 1.3.14 Diarrhea
  
• 1.3.15 Dysmenorrhea
  
• 1.3.16 Dysphagia
  
• 1.3.17 Dysuria
  
• 1.3.18 Edema
  
• 1.3.19 Failure to thrive
  
• 1.3.20 Fatigue/Malaise
  
• 1.3.21 Feeding problems
  
• 1.3.22 Hematemesis
  
• 1.3.23 Hematuria
  
• 1.3.24 Hemoptysis
  
• 1.3.25 Hiccup
  
• 1.3.26 Jaundice
  
• 1.3.27 Joint swelling
  
• 1.3.28 Lethargy
  
• 1.3.29 Lightheadedness/Dizziness
  
• 1.3.30 Limp
  
• 1.3.31 Lymphadenopathy
  
• 1.3.32 Mechanical and indwelling devices, complications
  
• 1.3.33 Nausea/Vomiting
  
• 1.3.34 Occupational exposure
  
• 1.3.35 Palpitations
  
• 1.3.36 Paralysis
  
• 1.3.37 Paresthesia/Dysesthesia
  
• 1.3.38 Poisoning
  
• 1.3.39 Pruritus
  
• 1.3.40 Rash
  
• 1.3.41 Rectal bleeding
  
• 1.3.42 Shock
  
• 1.3.43 Shortness of breath
  
• 1.3.44 Sore throat
  
• 1.3.45 Stridor
  
• 1.3.46 Syncope
  
• 1.3.47 Tinnitus
  
• 1.3.48 Tremor
  
• 1.3.49 Urinary incontinence
  
• 1.3.50 Urinary retention
  
• 1.3.51 Vaginal bleeding
  
• 1.3.52 Vaginal discharge
  
• 1.3.53 Vertigo
  
• 1.3.54 Visual disturbances
  
• 1.3.55 Weakness
  
• 1.3.56 Wheezing
  

2.0 ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

2.1 Abdominal Wall

• 2.1.1 Hernias
  

2.2 Esophagus

• 2.2.1 Infectious disorders
  
  • 2.2.1.1 Candida (See 4.4.2.1, 7.5.7)
    
  • 2.2.1.2 Viral esophagitis
    
• 2.2.2 Inflammatory disorders
  
  • 2.2.2.1 Esophagitis
    
  • 2.2.2.2 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
    
  • 2.2.2.3 Toxic effects of caustic (See 17.1.14)
    
    • 2.2.2.3.1 Acid
      
    • 2.2.2.3.2 Alkali
      
• 2.2.3 Motor abnormalities
  
  • 2.2.3.1 Spasms
    
• 2.2.4 Structural disorders
  
  • 2.2.4.1 Boerhaave’s syndrome
    
  • 2.2.4.2 Diverticula
    
  • 2.2.4.3 Foreign body
    
  • 2.2.4.4 Hernias
    
  • 2.2.4.5 Mallory-Weiss syndrome
    
  • 2.2.4.6 Stricture and stenosis
    
  • 2.2.4.7 Tracheoesophageal fistula
    
  • 2.2.4.8 Varices
    
• 2.2.5 Tumors
  

2.3 Liver

• 2.3.1 Cirrhosis
  
  • 2.3.1.1 Alcoholic
    
  • 2.3.1.2 Biliary obstructive
    
  • 2.3.1.3 Drug-induced
    
• 2.3.2 Hepatorenal failure
  
• 2.3.3 Infectious disorders
  
  • 2.3.3.1 Abscess
    
  • 2.3.3.2 Hepatitis
    
    • 2.3.3.2.1 Acute
      
    • 2.3.3.2.2 Chronic
      
  • 2.3.4 Tumors
    

2.4 Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract

• 2.4.1 Cholangitis
  
• 2.4.2 Cholecystitis
  
• 2.4.3 Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis
  
• 2.4.4 Tumors
  

2.5 Pancreas

• 2.5.1 Pancreatitis
  
• 2.5.2 Tumors
  

2.6 Peritoneum

• 2.6.1 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
  

2.7 Stomach

• 2.7.1 Infectious Disorders
  
• 2.7.2 Inflammatory Disorders
  
  • 2.7.2.1 Gastritis
    
• 2.7.3 Peptic ulcer disease
  
  • 2.7.3.1 Hemorrhage
    
  • 2.7.3.2 Perforation
    
• 2.7.4 Structural disorders
  
  • 2.7.4.1 Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
    
  • 2.7.4.2 Foreign body
    
• 2.7.5 Tumors
  

2.8 Small Bowel

• 2.8.1 Infectious disorders
  
• 2.8.2 Inflammatory disorders
  
  • 2.8.2.1 Regional enteritis/Crohn’s disease
    
• 2.8.3 Motor abnormalities
  
  • 2.8.3.1 Obstruction
    
  • 2.8.3.2 Paralytic ileus
    
• 2.8.4 Structural disorders
  
  • 2.8.4.1 Aortoenteric fistula
    
  • 2.8.4.2 Congenital anomalies
    
  • 2.8.4.3 Intestinal malabsorption
    
  • 2.8.4.4 Meckel's diverticulum
    
• 2.8.5 Tumors
  
• 2.8.6 Vascular Insufficiency
  

2.9 Large Bowel

• 2.9.1 Infectious disorders
  
  • 2.9.1.1 Antibiotic-associated
    
  • 2.9.1.2 Bacterial
    
  • 2.9.1.3 Parasitic
    
  • 2.9.1.4 Viral
    
• 2.9.2 Inflammatory disorders
  
  • 2.9.2.1 Appendicitis
    
  • 2.9.2.2 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
    
  • 2.9.2.3 Radiation colitis
    
  • 2.9.2.4 Ulcerative colitis
    
• 2.9.3 Motor abnormalities
  
  • 2.9.3.1 Hirschsprung’s disease
    
  • 2.9.3.2 Irritable bowel
    
  • 2.9.3.3 Obstruction
    
• 2.9.4 Structural disorders
  
  • 2.9.4.1 Congenital abnormalities
    
  • 2.9.4.2 Diverticula
    
  • 2.9.4.3 Intussusception
    
  • 2.9.4.4 Volvulus
    
• 2.9.5 Tumors
  

2.10 Rectum and Anus

• 2.10.1 Infectious disorders
  
  • 2.10.1.1 Perianal/Anal abscess
    
  • 2.10.1.2 Perirectal abscess
    
  • 2.10.1.3 Pilonidal cyst and abscess
    
• 2.10.2 Inflammatory disorders
  
  • 2.10.2.1 Proctitis
    
• 2.10.3 Structural disorders
  
  • 2.10.3.1 Anal fissure
    
  • 2.10.3.2 Anal fistula
    
  • 2.10.3.3 Congenital anomalies
    
  • 2.10.3.4 Foreign body
    
  • 2.10.3.5 Hemorrhoids
    
  • 2.10.3.6 Rectal prolapse
    
• 2.10.4 Tumors
  

2.11 Spleen

• 2.11.1 Asplenism
  
• 2.11.2 Splenomegaly
  
• 2.11.3 Vascular insufficiency/Infarction
  

3.0 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS

3.1 Cardiopulmonary Arrest

• 3.1.1 Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
  
• 3.1.2 Pulseless electrical activity
  

3.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
3.3 Disorders of Circulation

• 3.3.1 Arterial
  
  • 3.3.1.1 Aneurysm
    
  • 3.3.1.2 Aortic dissection
    
  • 3.3.1.3 Thromboembolism
    
• 3.3.2 Venous
  
  • 3.3.2.1 Thromboembolism (See 16.6.2)
    

3.4 Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm

• 3.4.1 Cardiac dysrhythmias
  
  • 3.4.1.1 Ventricular
    
  • 3.4.1.2 Supraventricular
    
• 3.4.2 Conduction disorders
  

3.5 Diseases of the Myocardium, Acquired

• 3.5.1 Cardiac failure
  
  • 3.5.1.1 Cor pulmonale
    
  • 3.5.1.2 High output
    
  • 3.5.1.3 Low output
    
• 3.5.2 Cardiomyopathy
  
  • 3.5.2.1 Hypertrophic
    
• 3.5.3 Congestive heart failure
  
• 3.5.4 Coronary syndromes
  
• 3.5.5 Ischemic heart disease
  
• 3.5.6 Myocardial infarction
  
• 3.5.7 Myocarditis
  
• 3.5.8 Ventricular aneurysm
  

3.6 Diseases of the Pericardium

• 3.6.1 Pericardial tamponade (See 18.1.2.6)
  
• 3.6.2 Pericarditis
  

3.7 Endocarditis
3.8 Hypertension
3.9 Tumors
3.10 Valvular Disorders

4.0 CUTANEOUS DISORDERS

4.1 Cancers of the Skin

• 4.1.1 Basal cell
  
• 4.1.2 Kaposi's sarcoma
  
• 4.1.3 Melanoma
  
• 4.1.4 Squamous cell
  

4.2 Ulcerative Lesions

• 4.2.1 Decubitus
  
• 4.2.2 Venous stasis
  

4.3 Dermatitis

• 4.3.1 Atopic
  
• 4.3.2 Contact
  
• 4.3.3 Eczema
  
• 4.3.4 Psoriasis
  
• 4.3.5 Seborrhea
  

4.4 Infections

• 4.4.1 Bacterial
  
  • 4.4.1.1 Abscess
    
  • 4.4.1.2 Cellulitis
    
  • 4.4.1.3 Erysipelas
    
  • 4.4.1.4 Impetigo
    
  • 4.4.1.5 Necrotizing infection
    
• 4.4.2 Fungal
  
  • 4.4.2.1 Candida (See 2.2.1.1, 7.5.7)
    
  • 4.4.2.2 Dermatophytes
    
• 4.4.3 Ectoparasites
  
• 4.4.4 Viral
  
  • 4.4.4.1 Aphthous ulcers
    
  • 4.4.4.2 Childhood exanthems (See 10.6.8, 10.6.9)
    
  • 4.4.4.3 Herpes simplex (See 10.6.4, 13.1.3.1)
    
  • 4.4.4.4 Herpes zoster (See 10.6.5)
    
  • 4.4.4.5 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 13.1.3.2)
    
  • 4.4.4.6 Molluscum contagiosum
    
• 4.5 Maculopapular Lesions
  
  • 4.5.1 Erythema multiforme
    
  • 4.5.2 Erythema nodosum
    
  • 4.5.3 Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
    
  • 4.5.4 Pityriasis rosea
    
  • 4.5.5 Purpura
    
  • 4.5.6 Urticaria
    
• 4.6 Papular/Nodular Lesions
  
  • 4.6.1 Hemangioma/Lymphangioma
    
  • 4.6.2 Lipoma
    
  • 4.6.3 Sebaceous cyst
    
• 4.7 Vesicular/Bullous Lesions
  
  • 4.7.1 Pemphigus
    
  • 4.7.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
    
  • 4.7.3 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
    
  • 4.7.4 Toxic epidermal necrolysis
    
  • 4.7.5 Bullous pemphigoid
    

5.0 ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

5.1 Acid-base Disturbances

• 5.1.1 Metabolic or respiratory
  
  • 5.1.1.1 Acidosis
    
  • 5.1.1.2 Alkalosis
    
• 5.1.2 Mixed acid-base balance disorder
  

5.2 Adrenal Disease

• 5.2.1 Corticoadrenal insufficiency
  
• 5.2.2 Cushing's syndrome
  

5.3 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

• 5.3.1 Calcium metabolism
  
• 5.3.2 Fluid overload/Volume depletion
  
• 5.3.3 Potassium metabolism
  
• 5.3.4 Sodium metabolism
  
• 5.3.5 Magnesium metabolism
  
• 5.3.6 Phosphorus metabolism
  

5.4 Glucose Metabolism

• 5.4.1 Diabetes mellitus
  
  • 5.4.1.1 Type I
    
  • 5.4.1.2 Type II
    
  • 5.4.1.3 Complications in glucose metabolism
    
    • 5.4.1.3.1 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
      
    • 5.4.1.3.2 Hyperglycemia
      
    • 5.4.1.3.3 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
      
    • 5.4.1.3.4 Hypoglycemia
      

5.5 Nutritional Disorders

• 5.5.1 Vitamin deficiencies
  
• 5.5.2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
  
• 5.5.3 Malabsorption
  

5.6 Parathyroid Disease
5.7 Pituitary Disorders

• • 5.7.1 Panhypopituitarism
    

5.8 Thyroid Disorders

• 5.8.1 Hyperthyroidism
  
• 5.8.2 Hypothyroidism
  
• 5.8.3 Thyroiditis
  

5.9 Tumors of Endocrine Glands

• 5.9.1 Adrenal
  
  • 5.9.1.1 Pheochromocytoma
    
• 5.9.2 Pituitary
  
• 5.9.3 Thyroid
  

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS

6.1 Bites and Envenomation (See 18.1.3.2)

• 6.1.1 Arthropods
  
  • 6.1.1.1 Insects
    
  • 6.1.1.2 Arachnida
    
• 6.1.2 Mammals
  
• 6.1.3 Marine organisms (See 17.1.28)
  
• 6.1.4 Reptiles
  

6.2 Dysbarism

• 6.2.1 Air embolism
  
• 6.2.2 Barotrauma
  
• 6.2.3 Decompression syndrome
  

6.3 Electrical Injury (See 18.1.3.3.1)

• 6.3.1 Lightning
  

6.4 High-altitude Illness

• 6.4.1 Acute mountain sickness
  
• 6.4.2 Barotrauma of ascent
  
• 6.4.3 High-altitude cerebral edema
  
• 6.4.4 High-altitude pulmonary edema
  

6.5 Submersion Incidents

• 6.5.1 Cold water immersion
  
• 6.5.2 Near drowning
  

6.6 Temperature-related Illness

• 6.6.1 Heat
  
  • 6.6.1.1 Heat exhaustion
    
  • 6.6.1.2 Heat stroke
    
• 6.6.2 Cold
  
  • 6.6.2.1 Frostbite
    
  • 6.6.2.2 Hypothermia
    

6.7 Radiation Emergencies

7.0 HEAD, EAR, EYE, NOSE, THROAT DISORDERS

7.1 Ear

• 7.1.1 Foreign body
  
  • 7.1.1.1 Impacted cerumen
    
• 7.1.2 Labyrinthitis
  
• 7.1.3 Mastoiditis
  
• 7.1.4 Ménière’s disease
  
• 7.1.5 Otitis externa
  
  • 7.1.5.1 Infective
    
    • 7.1.5.1.1 Malignant
      
• 7.1.6 Otitis media
  
• 7.1.7 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 18.1.11.2)
  
• 7.1.8 Perichondritis
  

7.2 Eye

• 7.2.1 External eye
  
  • 7.2.1.1 Blepharitis
    
  • 7.2.1.2 Burn confined to eye (See 18.1.10.2)
    
  • 7.2.1.3 Conjunctivitis
    
  • 7.2.1.4 Corneal abrasions (See 18.1.10.1)
    
  • 7.2.1.5 Dacryocystitis
    
  • 7.2.1.6 Disorders of lacrimal system
    
  • 7.2.1.7 Foreign body
    
  • 7.2.1.8 Inflammation of the eyelids
    
    • 7.2.1.8.1 Chalazion
      
    • 7.2.1.8.2 Hordeolum
      
  • 7.2.1.9 Keratitis
    
• 7.2.2 Anterior pole
  
  • 7.2.2.1 Glaucoma
    
  • 7.2.2.2 Hyphema (See 18.1.10.5)
    
  • 7.2.2.3 Iritis (See 18.1.10.9)
    
  • 7.2.2.4 Hypopyon
    
• 7.2.3 Posterior pole
  
  • 7.2.3.1 Choroiditis/Chorioretinitis
    
  • 7.2.3.2 Optic neuritis
    
  • 7.2.3.3 Papilledema
    
  • 7.2.3.4 Retinal detachments and defects (See 18.1.10.8)
    
  • 7.2.3.5 Retinal vascular occlusion
    
• 7.2.4 Orbit
  
  • 7.2.4.1 Cellulitis
    
    • 7.2.4.1.1 Preseptal
      
    • 7.2.4.1.2 Postseptal
      
  • 7.2.4.2 Purulent endophthalmitis
    

7.3 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

• 7.3.1 Cavernous sinus thrombosis
  

7.4 Nose

• 7.4.1 Epistaxis
  
• 7.4.2 Foreign body
  
• 7.4.3 Rhinitis
  
• 7.4.4 Sinusitis
  

7.5 Oropharynx/Throat

• • 7.5.1 Dentalgia
    
  • 7.5.2 Diseases of the oral soft tissue
    
    • 7.5.2.1 Ludwig's angina
      
    • 7.5.2.2 Stomatitis
      
  • 7.5.3 Diseases of the salivary glands
    
    • 7.5.3.1 Sialolithiasis
      
    • 7.5.3.2 Suppurative parotitis
      
  • 7.5.4 Foreign body
    
  • 7.5.5 Gingival and periodontal disorders
    
    • 7.5.5.1 Gingivostomatitis
      
  • 7.5.6 Larynx/Trachea
    
    • 7.5.6.1 Epiglottitis (See 16.1.1.2)
      
    • 7.5.6.2 Laryngitis
      
    • 7.5.6.3 Tracheitis
      
  • 7.5.7 Oral candidiasis (See 2.2.1.1, 4.4.2.1)
    
  • 7.5.8 Dental abscess
    
  • 7.5.9 Peritonsillar abscess
    
  • 7.5.10 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
    
  • 7.5.11 Retropharyngeal abscess
    
  • 7.5.12 Temporomandibular joint disorders
    

7.6 Tumors

8.0 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS

• 8.1 Blood Transfusion
  
  • 8.1.1 Complications
    
• 8.2 Hemostatic Disorders
  
  • 8.2.1 Coagulation defects
    
    • 8.2.1.1 Acquired
      
    • 8.2.1.2 Hemophilias
      
  • 8.2.2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation
    
  • 8.2.3 Platelet disorders
    
    • 8.2.3.1 Thrombocytopenia
      
• 8.3 Lymphomas
  
• 8.4 Pancytopenia
  
• 8.5 Red Blood Cell Disorders
  
  • 8.5.1 Anemias
    
    • 8.5.1.1 Aplastic
      
    • 8.5.1.2 Hemoglobinopathies
      
      • 8.5.1.2.1 Sickle cell disease
        
    • 8.5.1.3 Hemolytic
      
    • 8.5.1.4 Hypochromic
      
      • 8.5.1.4.1 Iron deficiency
        
    • 8.5.1.5 Megaloblastic
      
  • 8.5.2 Polycythemia
    
  • 8.5.3 Methemoglobinemia (See 17.1.29)
    
• 8.6 White Blood Cell Disorders
  
  • 8.6.1 Leukemia
    
  • 8.6.2 Multiple myeloma
    
  • 8.6.3 Leukopenia
    

9.0 IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS

• 9.1 Collagen Vascular Disease
  
  • 9.1.1 Raynaud’s disease
    
  • 9.1.2 Reiter’s syndrome
    
  • 9.1.3 Rheumatoid arthritis (See 11.3.1.3)
    
  • 9.1.4 Scleroderma
    
  • 9.1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus
    
  • 9.1.6 Vasculitis
    
• 9.2 Hypersensitivity
  
  • 9.2.1 Allergic reaction
    
  • 9.2.2 Anaphylaxis
    
  • 9.2.3 Angioedema
    
  • 9.2.4 Drug allergies
    
• 9.3 Transplant-related Problems
  
  • 9.3.1 Immunosuppression
    
  • 9.3.2 Rejection
    
• 9.4 Immune Complex Disorders
  
  • 9.4.1 Kawasaki syndrome
    
  • 9.4.2 Rheumatic fever
    
  • 9.4.3 Sarcoidosis
    
  • 9.4.4 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (See 15.3.1)
    

10.0 SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS

• 10.1 Bacterial
  
  • 10.1.1 Bacterial food poisoning
    
    • 10.1.1.1 Botulism
      
  • 10.1.2 Chlamydia
    
  • 10.1.3 Gonococcus
    
  • 10.1.4 Meningococcus
    
  • 10.1.5 Mycobacterium
    
    • 10.1.5.1 Atypical mycobacteria
      
    • 10.1.5.2 Tuberculosis
      
  • 10.1.6 Other bacterial diseases
    
    • 10.1.6.1 Gas gangrene (See 11.6.3)
      
  • 10.1.7 Sepsis/Bacteremia
    
    • 10.1.7.1 Septic Shock
      
    • 10.1.7.2 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
      
    • 10.1.7.3 Toxic shock syndrome
      
  • 10.1.8 Spirochetes
    
    • 10.1.8.1 Syphilis
      
  • 10.1.9 Tetanus
    
• 10.2 Biological Warfare Agents
  
• 10.3 Fungal Infections
  
• 10.4 Protozoan/Parasites
  
  • 10.4.1 Malaria
    
  • 10.4.2 Toxoplasmosis
    
• 10.5 Tick-Borne
  
  • 10.5.1 Ehrlichiosis
    
  • 10.5.2 Lyme disease
    
  • 10.5.3 Rocky Mountain spotted fever
    
• 10.6 Viral
  
  • 10.6.1 Infectious mononucleosis
    
  • 10.6.2 Influenza/Parainfluenza
    
  • 10.6.3 Hantavirus
    
  • 10.6.4 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 13.1.3.1)
    
  • 10.6.5 Herpes zoster/Varicella (See 4.4.4.4)
    
  • 10.6.6 HIV/AIDS
    
  • 10.6.7 Rabies
    
  • 10.6.8 Roseola (See 4.4.4.2)
    
  • 10.6.9 Rubella (See 4.4.4.2)
    
• 10.7 Emerging Infections, Pandemics, and Drug Resistance
  

11.0 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NONTRAUMATIC)

11.1 Bony Abnormalities

• 11.1.1 Aseptic/Avascular necrosis
  
• 11.1.2 Osteomyelitis
  
• 11.1.3 Bony Tumors
  

11.2 Disorders of the Spine

• 11.2.1 Disc disorders of the spine
  
• 11.2.2 Inflammatory spondylopathies
  
• 11.2.3 Low back pain
  
  • 11.2.3.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 18.1.15.1)
    
  • 11.2.3.2 Sacroiliitis
    
  • 11.2.3.3 Sprains/Strains
    

11.3 Joint Abnormalities

• 11.3.1 Arthritis
  
  • 11.3.1.1 Septic
    
  • 11.3.1.2 Crystal arthropathies
    
  • 11.3.1.3 Rheumatoid (See 9.1.3)
    
  • 11.3.1.4 Juvenile
    
  • 11.3.1.5 Osteoarthrosis
    
• 11.3.2 Congenital dislocation of the hip
  
• 11.3.3 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  

11.4 Muscle Abnormalities

• 11.4.1 Myositis
  
• 11.4.2 Rhabdomyolysis
  

11.5 Overuse Syndromes

• 11.5.1 Bursitis
  
• 11.5.2 Muscle strains
  
• 11.5.3 Peripheral nerve syndrome
  
  • 11.5.3.1 Carpal tunnel syndrome
    
• 11.5.4 Tendonitis
  

11.6 Soft Tissue Infections

• 11.6.1 Fasciitis
  
• 11.6.2 Felon
  
• 11.6.3 Gangrene (See 10.1.6.1)
  
• 11.6.4 Paronychia
  
• 11.6.5 Synovitis/Tenosynovitis
  

12.0 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

12.1 Cranial Nerve Disorders

• 12.1.1 Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy )
  
• 12.1.2 Trigeminal neuralgia
  

12.2 Demyelinating Disorders

• 12.2.1 Multiple sclerosis
  

12.3 Headache (See 1.2.2)

• 12.3.1 Tension
  
• 12.3.2 Vascular
  
• 12.3.3 Cluster
  

12.4 Hydrocephalus

• 12.4.1 Normal pressure
  
• 12.4.2 VP shunt
  

12.5 Infections/Inflammatory Disorders

• 12.5.1 Encephalitis
  
• 12.5.2 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess
  
• 12.5.3 Meningitis
  
  • 12.5.3.1 Bacterial
    
  • 12.5.3.2 Viral
    
• 12.5.4 Myelitis
  
• 12.5.5 Neuritis
  

12.6 Movement Disorders

• 12.6.1 Dystonic reaction
  
• 12.6.2 Chorea/Choreiform
  
• 12.6.3 Tardive dyskinesia
  

12.7 Neuromuscular Disorders

• 12.7.1 Guillain-Barré syndrome
  
• 12.7.2 Myasthenia gravis
  
• 12.7.3 Peripheral neuropathy
  

12.8 Other Conditions of the Brain

• 12.8.1 Dementia (See 14.5.3)
  
• 12.8.2 Parkinson’s disease
  
• 12.8.3 Pseudotumor cerebri
  

12.9 Seizure Disorders

• 12.9.1 Febrile
  
• 12.9.2 Neonatal
  
• 12.9.3 Status epilepticus
  
  • 12.9.3.1 Nonconvulsive
    

12.10 Spinal Cord Compression
12.11 Stroke

• 12.11.1 Hemorrhagic
  
  • 12.11.1.1 Intracerebral
    
  • 12.11.1.2 Subarachnoid
    
• 12.11.2 Ischemic
  
  • 12.11.2.1 Embolic
    
  • 12.11.2.2 Thrombotic
    

12.12 Transient Cerebral Ischemia
12.13 Tumors

13.0 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

13.1 Female Genital Tract

• 13.1.1 Cervix
  
  • 13.1.1.1 Cervicitis and endocervicitis
    
  • 13.1.1.2 Tumors
    
• 13.1.2 Infectious disorders
  
  • 13.1.2.1 Pelvic inflammatory disease
    
    • 13.1.2.1.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
      
    • 13.1.2.1.2 Tuboovarian abscess
      
  • 13.1.2.2 Urethritis
    
• 13.1.3 Lesions
  
  • 13.1.3.1 Herpes simplex (See 4.4.4.3, 10.6.4 )
    
  • 13.1.3.2 Human papillomavirus (HPV) (See 4.4.4.5)
    
• 13.1.4 Ovary
  
  • 13.1.4.1 Cyst
    
  • 13.1.4.2 Torsion
    
  • 13.1.4.3 Tumors
    
• 13.1.5 Uterus
  
  • 13.1.5.1 Dysfunctional bleeding
    
  • 13.1.5.2 Endometriosis
    
  • 13.1.5.3 Prolapse
    
  • 13.1.5.4 Tumors
    
    • 13.1.5.4.1 Gestational trophoblastic disease
      
    • 13.1.5.4.2 Leiomyoma
      
• 13.1.6 Vagina and vulva
  
  • 13.1.6.1 Bartholin’s cyst
    
  • 13.1.6.2 Foreign body
    
  • 13.1.6.3 Vaginitis/Vulvovaginitis
    

13.2 Normal Pregnancy
13.3 Complications of Pregnancy

• 13.3.1 Abortion
  
• 13.3.2 Ectopic pregnancy
  
• 13.3.3 Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
  
• 13.3.4 Hemorrhage, antepartum
  
  • 13.3.4.1 Abruptio placentae (See 18.2.1)
    
  • 13.3.4.2 Placenta previa
    
• 13.3.5 Hyperemesis gravidarum
  
• 13.3.6 Gestational hypertension
  
  • 13.3.6.1 Eclampsia
    
  • 13.3.6.2 Preeclampsia
    
• 13.3.7 Infections
  
• 13.3.8 Rh isoimmunization
  
• 13.3.9 First trimester bleeding
  
• 13.3.10 Gestational diabetes
  

13.4 High-risk Pregnancy

• 13.4.1 Assisted reproductive therapies
  

13.5 Normal Labor and Delivery
13.6 Complications of Labor

• 13.6.1 Fetal distress
  
• 13.6.2 Premature labor (See 18.2.3)
  
• 13.6.3 Premature rupture of membranes
  
• 13.6.4 Rupture of uterus (See 18.2.4)
  

13.7 Complications of Delivery

• 13.7.1 Malposition of fetus
  
• 13.7.2 Nuchal cord
  
• 13.7.3 Prolapse of cord
  

13.8 Postpartum Complications

• 13.8.1 Endometritis
  
• 13.8.2 Hemorrhage
  
• 13.8.3 Mastitis
  
• 13.8.4 Pituitary infarction
  

13.9 Contraception

14.0 PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

14.1 Addictive Behavior

• 14.1.1 Alcohol dependence
  
• 14.1.2 Drug dependence
  
• 14.1.3 Eating disorders
  
• 14.1.4 Substance abuse
  
• 14.1.5 Tobacco dependence
  

14.2 Mood Disorders and Thought Disorders

• 14.2.1 Acute psychosis
  
• 14.2.2 Bipolar disorder
  
• 14.2.3 Depression
  
  • 14.2.3.1 Suicidal risk
    
• 14.2.4 Grief reaction
  
• 14.2.5 Schizophrenia
  

14.3 Factitious Disorders

• 14.3.1 Drug-diversion behavior
  
• 14.3.2 Munchausen syndrome/Munchausen by proxy
  

14.4 Neurotic Disorders

• 14.4.1 Anxiety/Panic
  
• 14.4.2 Obsessive compulsive
  
• 14.4.3 Phobic
  
• 14.4.4 Post-traumatic stress
  

14.5 Organic Psychoses

• 14.5.1 Chronic organic psychotic conditions
  
  • 14.5.1.1 Alcoholic psychoses
    
  • 14.5.1.2 Drug psychoses
    
• 14.5.2 Delirium
  
• 14.5.3 Dementia (See 12.8.1)
  
• 14.5.4 Intoxication and/or withdrawal
  
  • 14.5.4.1 Alcohol (See 17.1.2)
    
  • 14.5.4.2 Hallucinogens (See 17.1.17)
    
  • 14.5.4.3 Opioids (See 17.1.1.3)
    
  • 14.5.4.4 Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics (See 17.1.35)
    
  • 14.5.4.5 Sympathomimetics and cocaine (See 17.1.36;17.1.15)
    
  • 14.5.4.6 Anticholinergic (See 17.1.4)
    

14.6 Patterns of Violence/Abuse/Neglect

• 14.6.1 Interpersonal violence
  
  • 14.6.1.1 Child, intimate partner, elder
    
• 14.6.2 Homicidal Risk
  
• 14.6.3 Sexual assault
  
• 14.6.4 Staff/Patient safety
  

14.7 Personality Disorders
14.8 Psychosomatic Disorders

• 14.8.1 Hypochondriasis
  
• 14.8.2 Hysteria/Conversion
  

15.0 RENAL AND UROGENITAL DISORDERS

15.1 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
15.2 Complications of Renal Dialysis
15.3 Glomerular Disorders

• 15.3.1 Glomerulonephritis (See 9.4.4)
  
• 15.3.2 Nephrotic syndrome
  

15.4 Infection

• 15.4.1 Cystitis
  
• 15.4.2 Pyelonephritis
  

15.5 Male Genital Tract

• 15.5.1 Genital lesions
  
• 15.5.2 Hernias
  
• 15.5.3 Inflammation/Infection
  
  • 15.5.3.1 Balanitis/Balanoposthitis
    
  • 15.5.3.2 Epididymitis/Orchitis
    
  • 15.5.3.3 Gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene)
    
  • 15.5.3.4 Prostatitis
    
  • 15.5.3.5 Urethritis
    
• 15.5.4 Structural
  
  • 15.5.4.1 Paraphimosis/Phimosis
    
  • 15.5.4.2 Priapism
    
  • 15.5.4.3 Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
    
  • 15.5.4.4 Torsion
    
• 15.5.5 Testicular masses
  
• 15.5.6 Tumors
  
  • 15.5.6.1 Prostate
    
  • 15.5.6.2 Testis
    

15.6 Nephritis

• 15.6.1 Hemolytic uremic syndrome
  

15.7 Structural Disorders

• 15.7.1 Calculus of urinary tract
  
• 15.7.2 Obstructive uropathy
  
• 15.7.3 Polycystic kidney disease
  

15.8 Tumors

16.0 THORACIC-RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

16.1 Acute Upper Airway Disorders

• 16.1.1 Infections
  
• 16.1.1.1 Croup
  
• 16.1.1.2 Epiglottitis (See 7.5.6.1)
  
• 16.1.2 Obstruction
  
• 16.1.3 Tracheostomy/Complications
  

16.2 Disorders of Pleura, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall

• 16.2.1 Costochondritis
  
• 16.2.2 Mediastinitis
  
• 16.2.3 Pleural effusion
  
• 16.2.4 Pleuritis
  
• 16.2.5 Pneumomediastinum
  
• 16.2.6 Pneumothorax (See 18.1.2.7)
  
• 16.2.6.1 Simple
  
• 16.2.6.2 Tension
  
• 16.2.6.3 Open
  
• 16.2.7 Empyema
  

16.3 Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
16.4 Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease

• 16.4.1 Asthma/Reactive airway disease
  
• 16.4.2 Bronchitis and bronchiolitis
  
• 16.4.3 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  
• 16.4.4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  
• 16.4.5 Cystic fibrosis
  
• 16.4.6 Environmental/Industrial exposure
  
• 16.4.7 Foreign body
  

16.5 Physical and Chemical Irritants/Insults

• 16.5.1 Pneumoconiosis
  
• 16.5.2 Toxic effects of gases, fumes, vapors (See 18.1.3.3.2)
  

16.6 Pulmonary Embolism/Infarct

• 16.6.1 Septic emboli
  
• 16.6.2 Venous thromboembolism (See 3.3.2.1)
  
• 16.6.3 Fat emboli
  

16.7 Pulmonary Infections

• 16.7.1 Lung abscess
  
• 16.7.2 Pneumonia
  
• 16.7.2.1 Aspiration
  
• 16.7.2.2 Community-acquired
  
• 16.7.2.3 Health care-associated
  
• 16.7.3 Pulmonary tuberculosis
  
• 16.7.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  
• 16.7.5 Pertussis
  

16.8 Tumors

• 16.8.1 Breast
  
• 16.8.2 Pulmonary
  

16.9 Pulmonary Hypertension

17.0 TOXICOLOGIC DISORDERS

17.1 Drug and Chemical Classes

• 17.1.1 Analgesics
  
  • 17.1.1.1 Acetaminophen
    
  • 17.1.1.2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS)
    
• 17.1.1.3 Opiates and related narcotics (See 14.5.4.3)
  
• 17.1.1.4 Salicylates
  
• 17.1.2 Alcohol (See 14.5.4.1)
  
  • 17.1.2.1 Ethanol
    
  • 17.1.2.2 Glycol
    
  • 17.1.2.3 Isopropyl
    
  • 17.1.2.4 Methanol
    
• 17.1.3 Anesthetics
  
• 17.1.4 Anticholinergics/Cholinergics (See 14.5.4.6)
  
• 17.1.5 Anticoagulants/Antithrombotics
  
• 17.1.6 Anticonvulsants
  
• 17.1.7 Antidepressants
  
• 17.1.8 Antiparkinsonism drugs
  
• 17.1.9 Antihistamines and antiemetics
  
• 17.1.10 Antipsychotics
  
• 17.1.11 Bronchodilators
  
• 17.1.12 Carbon monoxide
  
• 17.1.13 Cardiovascular drugs
  
  • 17.1.13.1 Antiarrhythmics
    
    • 17.1.13.1.1 Digitalis
      
  • 17.1.13.2 Antihypertensives
    
  • 17.1.13.3 Beta blockers
    
  • 17.1.13.4 Calcium channel blockers
    
• 17.1.14 Caustic agents (See 2.2.2.3)
  
  • 17.1.14.1 Acid
    
  • 17.1.14.2 Alkali
    
• 17.1.15 Cocaine (See 14.5.4.5)
  
• 17.1.16 Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide
  
• 17.1.17 Hallucinogens (See 14.5.4.2)
  
• 17.1.18 Hazardous materials
  
• 17.1.19 Heavy metals
  
• 17.1.20 Herbicides, insecticides, and rodenticides
  
• 17.1.21 Household/Industrial chemicals
  
• 17.1.22 Hormones/Steroids
  
• 17.1.23 Hydrocarbons
  
• 17.1.24 Hypoglycemics/Insulin
  
• 17.1.25 Inhaled toxins
  
• 17.1.26 Iron
  
• 17.1.27 Isoniazid
  
• 17.1.28 Marine toxins (See 6.1.3)
  
• 17.1.29 Methemoglobinemia (See 8.5.3)
  
• 17.1.30 Mushrooms/Poisonous plants
  
• 17.1.31 Neuroleptics
  
• 17.1.32 Non-prescription drugs
  
• 17.1.33 Organophosphates
  
• 17.1.34 Recreational drugs
  
• 17.1.35 Sedatives/Hypnotics (See 14.5.4.4)
  
• 17.1.36 Stimulants/Sympathomimetics (See 14.5.4.5)
  
• 17.1.37 Strychnine
  
• 17.1.38 Lithium
  
• 17.1.39 Nutritional supplements
  
• 17.1.40 Chemical warfare agents
  
• 17.1.41 Antibiotics
  
• 17.1.42 Antiretrovirals
  

18.0 TRAUMATIC DISORDERS

18.1 Trauma

• 18.1.1 Abdominal trauma
  
  • 18.1.1.1 Diaphragm
    
  • 18.1.1.2 Hollow viscus
    
  • 18.1.1.3 Penetrating
    
  • 18.1.1.4 Retroperitoneum
    
  • 18.1.1.5 Solid organ
    
  • 18.1.1.6 Vascular
    
• 18.1.2 Chest trauma
  
  • 18.1.2.1 Aortic dissection/Disruption
    
  • 18.1.2.2 Contusion
    
    • 18.1.2.2.1 Cardiac
      
    • 18.1.2.2.2 Pulmonary
      
  • 18.1.2.3 Fracture
    
    • 18.1.2.3.1 Clavicle
      
    • 18.1.2.3.2 Ribs/Flail chest
      
    • 18.1.2.3.3 Sternum
      
  • 18.1.2.4 Hemothorax
    
  • 18.1.2.5 Penetrating chest trauma
    
  • 18.1.2.6 Pericardial tamponade (See 3.6.1)
    
  • 18.1.2.7 Pneumothorax (See 16.2.6)
    
    • 18.1.2.7.1 Simple
      
    • 18.1.2.7.2 Tension
      
    • 18.1.2.7.3 Open
      
• 18.1.3 Cutaneous injuries
  
  • 18.1.3.1 Avulsions
    
  • 18.1.3.2 Bite wounds (See 6.1)
    
  • 18.1.3.3 Burns
    
    • 18.1.3.3.1 Electrical (See 6.3)
      
    • 18.1.3.3.2 Chemical (See 16.5.2)
      
    • 18.1.3.3.3 Thermal
      
  • 18.1.3.4 Lacerations
    
  • 18.1.3.5 Puncture wounds
    
• 18.1.4 Facial fractures
  
  • 18.1.4.1 Dental
    
  • 18.1.4.2 Le Fort
    
  • 18.1.4.3 Mandibular
    
  • 18.1.4.4 Orbital
    
  • 18.1.4.5 Nasal
    
    • 18.1.4.5.1 Septal hematoma
      
  • 18.1.4.6 Zygomatic arch
    
• 18.1.5 Genitourinary trauma
  
  • 18.1.5.1 Bladder
    
  • 18.1.5.2 External Genitalia
    
  • 18.1.5.3 Renal
    
  • 18.1.5.4 Ureteral
    
  • 18.1.5.5 Urethral
    
• 18.1.6 Head trauma
  
  • 18.1.6.1Intracranial injury
    
  • 18.1.6.2 Scalp lacerations/Avulsions
    
  • 18.1.6.3 Skull fractures
    
• 18.1.7 Injuries of the spine
  
  • 18.1.7.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
    
  • 18.1.7.2 Fractures
    
  • 18.1.7.3 Sprains/Strains
    
• 18.1.8 Extremity bony trauma
  
  • 18.1.8.1 Dislocations/Subluxations
    
  • 18.1.8.2 Fractures (open and closed)
    
• 18.1.9 Neck trauma
  
  • 18.1.9.1 Laryngotracheal injuries
    
  • 18.1.9.2 Penetrating neck trauma
    
  • 18.1.9.3 Vascular injuries
    
    • 18.1.9.3.1 Carotid artery
      
    • 18.1.9.3.2 Jugular vein
      
  • 18.1.9.4 Strangulation
    
• 18.1.10 Ophthalmologic trauma
  
  • 18.1.10.1 Corneal abrasions/Lacerations (See 7.2.1.4)
    
  • 18.1.10.2 Corneal burns (See 7.2.1.2)
    
    • 18.1.10.2.1 Acid
      
    • 18.1.10.2.2 Alkali
      
    • 18.1.10.2.3 Ultraviolet
      
  • 18.1.10.3 Eyelid lacerations
    
  • 18.1.10.4 Foreign body (See 19.4.4.8)
    
  • 18.1.10.5 Hyphema (See 7.2.2.2)
    
  • 18.1.10.6 Lacrimal duct injuries
    
  • 18.1.10.7 Penetrating globe injuries
    
  • 18.1.10.8 Retinal detachments (See 7.2.3.4)
    
  • 18.1.10.9 Traumatic iritis (See 7.2.2.3)
    
  • 18.1.10.10 Retrobulbar hematoma
    
• 18.1.11 Otologic trauma
  
  • 18.1.11.1 Hematoma
    
  • 18.1.11.2 Perforated tympanic membrane (See 7.1.7)
    
• 18.1.12 Pediatric fractures
  
  • 18.1.12.1 Epiphyseal
    
    • 18.1.12.1.1 Salter-Harris classification
      
  • 18.1.12.2 Greenstick
    
  • 18.1.12.3 Torus
    
• 18.1.13 Pelvic fracture
  
• 18.1.14 Soft-tissue extremity injuries
  
  • 18.1.14.1 Amputations/Replantation
    
  • 18.1.14.2 Compartment syndromes
    
  • 18.1.14.3 High-pressure injection
    
  • 18.1.14.4 Injuries to joints
    
  • 18.1.14.5 Penetrating trauma
    
  • 18.1.14.6 Periarticular
    
  • 18.1.14.7 Sprains/Strains
    
  • 18.1.14.8 Tendon injuries
    
    • 18.1.14.8.1 Lacerations/Transections
      
    • 18.1.14.8.2 Ruptures
      
      • 18.1.14.8.2.1 Achilles tendon
        
      • 18.1.14.8.2.2 Patellar tendon
        
  • 18.1.14.9 Vascular injuries
    
• 18.1.15 Spinal cord and nervous system trauma
  
  • 18.1.15.1 Cauda equina syndrome (See 12.2.3.1)
    
  • 18.1.15.2 Injury to nerve roots
    
  • 18.1.15.3 Peripheral nerve injury
    
  • 18.1.15.4 Spinal cord injury
    
    • 18.1.15.4.1 Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA)
      

18.2 Trauma in Pregnancy

• 18.2.1 Abruptio placentae (See 13.3.4.1)
  
• 18.2.2 Perimortem C-section (See 19.4.8.2)
  
• 18.2.3 Premature labor (See 13.6.2)
  
• 18.2.4 Rupture of uterus (See 13.6.4)
  

18.3 Multi-system Trauma

• 18.3.1 Blast injury
  

19.0 PROCEDURES AND SKILLS INTEGRAL TO THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

19.1 Airway Techniques

• 19.1.1 Intubation
  
• 19.1.2 Airway adjuncts
  
• 19.1.3 Surgical airway
  
• 19.1.4 Mechanical ventilation
  
• 19.1.5 Non-invasive ventilatory management
  
• 19.1.6 Ventilatory monitoring
  

19.2 Resuscitation

• 19.2.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  
• 19.2.2 Neonatal resuscitation
  
• 19.2.3 Pediatric resuscitation
  
• 19.2.4 Post-resuscitative care
  
• 19.2.5 Blood, fluid, and component therapy
  
• 19.2.6 Arterial catheter insertion
  
• 19.2.7 Central venous access
  
• 19.2.8 Intraosseous infusion
  
• 19.2.9 Defibrillation
  
• 19.2.10 Thoracotomy
  

19.3 Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management

• 19.3.1 Local anesthesia
  
• 19.3.2 Regional nerve block
  
• 19.3.3 Procedural sedation and analgesia
  

19.4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

• 19.4.1 Abdominal and gastrointestinal
  
  • 19.4.1.1 Anoscopy
    
  • 19.4.1.2 Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoid
    
  • 19.4.1.3 Gastric lavage
    
  • 19.4.1.4 Gastrostomy tube replacement
    
  • 19.4.1.5 Nasogastric tube
    
  • 19.4.1.6 Paracentesis
    
• 19.4.2 Cardiovascular and Thoracic
  
  • 19.4.2.1 Cardiac pacing
    
  • 19.4.2.2 Cardioversion
    
  • 19.4.2.3 ECG interpretation
    
  • 19.4.2.4 Pericardiocentesis
    
  • 19.4.2.5 Thoracentesis
    
  • 19.4.2.6 Thoracostomy
    
• 19.4.3 Cutaneous
  
  • 19.4.3.1 Escharotomy
    
  • 19.4.3.2 Incision and drainage
    
  • 19.4.3.3 Trephination, nails
    
  • 19.4.3.4 Wound closure techniques
    
  • 19.4.3.5 Wound management
    
• 19.4.4 Head, ear, eye, nose, and throat
  
  • 19.4.4.1 Control of epistaxis
    
  • 19.4.4.2 Drainage of peritonsillar abscess
    
  • 19.4.4.3 Laryngoscopy
    
  • 19.4.4.4 Lateral canthotomy
    
  • 19.4.4.5 Slit lamp examination
    
  • 19.4.4.6 Tonometry
    
  • 19.4.4.7 Tooth stabilization
    
  • 19.4.4.8 Corneal foreign body removal (See 18.1.10.4)
    
  • 19.4.4.9 Drainage of hematoma
    
• 19.4.5 Systemic infectious
  
  • 19.4.5.1 Personal protection (equipment and techniques)
    
  • 19.4.5.2 Universal precautions and exposure management
    
• 19.4.6 Musculoskeletal
  
  • 19.4.6.1 Arthrocentesis
    
  • 19.4.6.2 Compartment pressure measurement
    
  • 19.4.6.3 Fracture/Dislocation immobilization techniques
    
  • 19.4.6.4 Fracture/Dislocation reduction techniques
    
  • 19.4.6.5 Spine immobilization techniques
    
  • 19.4.6.6 Fasciotomy
    
• 19.4.7 Nervous system
  
  • 19.4.7.1 Lumbar puncture
    
• 19.4.8 Obstetrics and gynecology
  
  • 19.4.8.1 Delivery of newborn
    
  • 19.4.8.2 Perimortem c-section (See 18.2.2)
    
  • 19.4.8.3 Sexual assault examination
    
• 19.4.9 Psychobehavioral
  
  • 19.4.9.1 Psychiatric screening examination
    
  • 19.4.9.2 Violent patient management/Restraint
    
• 19.4.10 Renal and urogenital
  
  • 19.4.10.1 Bladder catheterization
    
    • 19.4.10.1.1 Urethral catheter
      
    • 19.4.10.1.2 Suprapubic catheter
      
  • 19.4.10.2 Cystourethrogram
    
  • 19.4.10.3 Testicular detorsion
    
• 19.4.11 Toxicologic
  
  • 19.4.11.1 Decontamination
    

19.5 Other Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

• 19.5.1 Foreign body removal
  
• 19.5.2 Collection and handling of forensic material
  
• 19.5.3 Ultrasound
  
  • 19.5.3.1 Diagnostic
    
  • 19.5.3.2 Procedural
    

20.0 OTHER CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

20.1 Interpersonal and Communication Skills

• 20.1.1 Interpersonal skills
  
  • 20.1.1.1 Inter-departmental and medical staff relations
    
  • 20.1.1.2 Intra-departmental relations, teamwork, and collaboration skills
    
  • 20.1.1.3 Patient and family experience of care
    
• 20.1.2 Communication skills
  
  • 20.1.2.1 Complaint management and service recovery
    
  • 20.1.2.2 Conflict management
    
  • 20.1.2.3 Crisis resource management
    
  • 20.1.2.4 Delivering bad news
    
  • 20.1.2.5 Multicultural approach to the ED patient
    
  • 20.1.2.6 Negotiation skills
    

20.2 Practice-based Learning and Improvement

• 20.2.1 Performance improvement and lifelong learning
  
  • 20.2.1.1 Evidence-based medicine
    
  • 20.2.1.2 Interpretation of medical literature
    
  • 20.2.1.3 Knowledge translation
    
  • 20.2.1.4 Patient safety and medical errors
    
  • 20.2.1.5 Performance evaluation and feedback
    
  • 20.2.1.6 Research
    
• 20.2.2 Practice guidelines
  
• 20.2.3 Education
  
  • 20.2.3.1 Patient and family
    
  • 20.2.3.2 Provider
    
• 20.2.4 Principles of quality improvement
  

20.3 Professionalism

• 20.3.1 Advocacy
  
  • 20.3.1.1 Patient
    
  • 20.3.1.2 Professional
    
• 20.3.2 Ethical principles
  
  • 20.3.2.1 Conflicts of interest
    
  • 20.3.2.2 Diversity awareness
    
  • 20.3.2.3 Electronic communications/Social media
    
  • 20.3.2.4 Medical ethics
    
• 20.3.3 Leadership and management principles
  
• 20.3.4 Well-being
  
  • 20.3.4.1 Fatigue and impairment
    
  • 20.3.4.2 Time management/Organizational skills
    
  • 20.3.4.3 Work/Life balance
    
  • 20.3.4.4 Work dysphoria (burn-out)
    

20.4 Systems-based Practice

• 20.4.1 Clinical informatics
  
  • 20.4.1.1 Computerized order entry
    
  • 20.4.1.2 Clinical decision support
    
  • 20.4.1.3 Electronic health record
    
  • 20.4.1.4 Health information integration
    
• 20.4.2 ED Administration
  
  • 20.4.2.1 Contracts and practice models
    
  • 20.4.2.2 Patient flow and throughput
    
    • 20.4.2.2.1 Patient triage and classification
      
    • 20.4.2.2.2 Hospital crowding and diversion
      
    • 20.4.2.2.3 Observation and rapid treatment units
      
  • 20.4.2.3 Financial principles
    
    • 20.4.2.3.1 Billing and coding
      
    • 20.4.2.3.2 Cost-effective care and resource utilization
      
    • 20.4.2.3.3 Reimbursement issues
      
  • 20.4.2.4 Human resource management
    
    • 20.4.2.4.1 Allied health professionals
      
    • 20.4.2.4.2 Recruitment, credentialing, and orientation
      
• 20.4.3 ED operations
  
  • 20.4.3.1 Policies and procedures
    
  • 20.4.3.2 ED data acquisition and operational metrics
    
  • 20.4.3.3 Safety, security, and violence in the ED
    
• 20.4.4 Health care coordination
  
  • 20.4.4.1 End-of-life and palliative care/Advance directives
    
  • 20.4.4.2 Placement options